The Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs), are graduate business schools in India that also conduct research and provide consultancy services in the field of management to various sectors of the Indian economy. They were created by the Indian Government[1] with the aim of identifying the brightest intellectual talent[1] available in the student community of India and training it in the best management techniques available in the world, to ultimately create a pool of elite managers to manage and lead the various sections of the Indian economy. IIMs play a leadership role in the nation's managerial manpower development and carry out research in emerging areas.[1] These Institutes are recognized as premier management institutions, comparable to the best in the world for teaching, research and interaction with industries. IIMs have shared knowledge and skills with other institutions to improve their quality and standards in management education. IIMs have earned an international reputation for the quality of their alumni.
The IIMs are considered the top business schools in India.[2] All the IIMs are completely autonomous institutes owned and financed by the Central Government of India. In order of establishment, the IIMs are located at Calcutta (Kolkata), Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kozhikode (Calicut), Indore, and Shillong. They offer post-graduate courses in management (equivalent to an MBA), fellowship programmes in management (equivalent to PhD), executive MBA and industry based programmes. IIMs actively carry out research and consultancy for the industry, including the needs of non-corporate and under-managed sectors such as agriculture, rural development, public systems management, energy, health education, habitat, etc. The IIMs also offer various other management training programs as well as part-time MBA programmes for various organisations and individuals.
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Indian Institute of Management Calcutta was the first Indian Institute of Management to be set up. It was established as the first national institute for post-graduate studies and research in management by the Government of India in November 1961, in collaboration with MIT Sloan School of Management, Government of West Bengal, Ford Foundation and the Indian industry[3]. IIM Calcutta is a fully autonomous institution and offers several Post Graduate and Doctoral programmes, as well as a bouquet of Executive training programmes. In addition to its main academic programmes, IIM-C is also engaged in Research, Consultancy, seminars, academic conferences and research publications. The vision of IIM Calcutta is "to emerge as an International Centre of Excellence in all facets of Management Education, rooted in Indian ethos and societal values"[4]. IIM-C is especially renowned for its finance-related courses, and is widely considered to be the best B-school in India and one of the best in the world for finance[5][6][7].
The main academic programmes offered by IIM Calcutta are:-
In addition to the above, IIM-C offers other programmes like:-
IIM Calcutta runs an active student exchange programme with leading universities around the world[14], including Bocconi University, City University of New York, IE Business School, ESCP Europe, ESSEC, European Business School, National University of Singapore, University of Melbourne and University of California, Los Angeles.
Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad was established in 1961 as an autonomous institution by the Government of India in collaboration with the Government of Gujarat and the Indian industry and is the second IIM after IIM Calcutta. Noted scientist Vikram Sarabhai and other Ahmedabad-based industrialists played a major role in the creation of the institute and today it is considered the best B-School across the country. [15] The institute had collaboration with Harvard Business School during initial period. It was registered as a society with a Board of Governors to oversee the functioning of the Institute. Its mission is to professionalize Indian management through teaching, research, training, institution building and consulting. Its programs are accredited by EQUIS (European Quality Improvement System), one of the leading international accreditation bodies for International business schools, thus becoming one of the few Indian B-schools to receive this honor. IIM Ahmedabad aims to professionalize some of the vital sectors of India's economy such as agriculture, education, health, transportation, population control, energy, and public administration. The institute is considered to be the toughest business school in the world to get into by the Economist. Each year over 500 students apply for every MBA seat.[16].
IIM Ahmedabad has an exchange program with the global business schools. The partner exchange institutes include Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management, Stern School of Business (NY, USA), Columbia Business School (NY, USA), University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago (USA), Olin Business School, Washington University, UCLA Anderson School of Management (USA), Schulich School of Business, York University, (Toronto, Canada), ESSEC (Cergy, France), WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management (Vallendar, Germany) and HEC School of Management (Paris, France).[17]
Indian Institute of Management Bangalore was established in 1973 following the success of IIM Calcutta and IIM Ahmedabad and demand for more such institutes.[18] Today, IIMB is recognized as one of the Top 100 management schools in the world - An institute with international standards of post-graduate and doctoral level of teaching, executive education for senior and middle management and research and consulting. It is the most internationally oriented management school in the country. IIMB is strategically located in Bangalore, the center of the fastest growing industrial region in the country.
The main academic programmes offered by IIM Bangalore are:-
The institute is ranked highly among the leading B-schools in Asia and admissions are extremely competitive, with applicant acceptance for post-graduate programme as low as 0.2%.[22]
For two consecutive years, IIMB has been ranked as #1 Business School in Central Asia and South Asia (2008 & 2009)with major international influence.[23]
IIM Bangalore recently obtained the European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) accreditation.
IIMB runs a student exchange programmes with partner schools which include UCLA Anderson School of Management, WHU-Otto Beisheim School of Management, London Business School, GSB, University of Chicago, Illinios, The Fuqua School of Business, Stern School of Business, New York, ESSEC Business School, France, ESADE, Spain, Nanyang Business School, Singapore, Korea University Business School, South Korea, Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden among others. IIMB is also part of the LAOTSE network of leading European and Asian universities.
The Indian Institute of Management Lucknow (also referred to as IIM Lucknow or IIML), was established in 1984, by the Government of India, as a national level school of excellence in management science. It was the fourth Indian Institute of Management to be established in India after IIM Calcutta, IIM Ahmedabad, and IIM Bangalore. It is situated at the outskirts of the historic and culturally rich city of Lucknow.
IIM Lucknow is the first and so far the only IIM to open a satellite campus. Located at NOIDA, the campus was started in 2007 and focuses exclusively on executive management programmes. The campus offers part-time programmes for working managers and professionals and residential programme for executives. The objective of these programmes is to combine the students experience with strategical and conceptual ideas in respect with current business practices. IIML takes pride in positioning itself as the IIM with the most experienced batch of students, the average experience of the incoming batch of 2010 is the highest amongst other IIMs, thus enriching the peer learning experience.[24]
Like its sister institutes, IIML has collaborative arrangements with leading business schools and research centres in India and abroad. These include ESCP-EAP Paris, ESADE Business School Barcelona, DeGroote School of Business Ontario and University of St. Gallen Switzerland among others. The institute follows a mixed pedagogy, imbibing both theory and cases in the curriculum.
The Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode, was established as the 5th IIM in the country in 1996 by the Government of India in collaboration with the Government of Kerala. The institute is located at Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, in state of Kerala. The picturesque campus is spread over two hills which are part of the foothills of the Western Ghats.
Apart from post-graduate and doctoral programmes, IIM Kozhikode conducts regular workshops for managers and management faculties. In 2001, IIM Kozhikode started Interactive Distance Learning (IDL), with introduction of Executive Management Education Program (eMEP). It was the first institute in Asia to offer a distance learning programme in management for working executives.[25] The institute has further introduced specialised modules for this course.[26] IIMK is also actively involved in research project sponsored in house and by external agencies. It has set a centre for research in Indian global competitiveness and WTO system.[27]
The IIMK Foreign Exchange Programmes are in partnership with renown business schools like Bocconi University (Italy), Copenhagen Business School (Denmark), ESCP-EAP (France), European Business School (Germany), Jönköping International Business School (Sweden), Queensland University of Technology (Australia) and Royal Holloway, University of London (U.K.). IIMK also has a research exchange program with Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.[28]
IIMK runs an incubation center called Centre of Excellence (CEx), where youth from marginalized sections of society, such as the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, are imparted training to make them intellectually and emotionally capable of joining reputed companies and educational institutions. The skills taught also make them capable of clearing entrance exams of various educational institutions.[29] This year(2010 Batch) IIM K selected 30% of women candidates from diversified backgrounds, in order to balance the sex ratio at Kampus.
Indian Institute of Management Indore was set up in 1998 and is sixth of the IIMs. The campus of IIM Indore is sprawled over the area of 193 acre (781,000 m²), located near the central Indian city of Indore.
Apart from its post-graduate programme, IIM Indore undertakes both residential and short term courses for working professionals. The flagship program of IIM Indore is its 2 year fully residential Post Graduate Programme in Management (PGP). One of the unique features of the PGP programme in IIM Indore is its focus on Social Concern. In this regard, participants take up a mandatory course called Society, Business and Management.
In addition to the regular management programmes, the institute offers a unique course in Business Management for the armed forces officers, designed particularly for mid-level defence officers.[30][31]
The international student exchange program is undertaken to ensure that the students are exposed to the latest trends in management across the business schools of the world. The institute had its first student exchange of six students with École de management de Lyon, a premier business school based in Lyon, France in 2005.[32] The exchange program has advanced rapidly and the institute currently has exchange programs with business schools in France, Germany, China, New Zealand and the United States with several others on the anvil.[33]
The Government of India, in a decision[34] taken by the Union (Federal) Cabinet of Ministers, decided to approve the opening of a seventh IIM in 2005[35] at Shillong, the capital of the north-eastern state of Meghalaya. The Institute is named as Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management, Shillong. The foundation stone of the institute was laid by Shri Arjun Singh, HRD Minister on December 1, 2007[36] and was formally inaugurated by Dr Donkupar Roy The Chief Minister Of Meghalaya on 4 July 2008.This new IIM started it operations in year 2008 and with admissions through CAT 2007.
A temporary campus has been set up at the Mayurbhanj complex (the erstwhile summer palace of Mayurbhanj Kings) of the North Eastern Hill University for the new IIM. A sprawling permanent campus will come in the new Shillong township later. It is the first management institute of India to have a fully functional ERP setup.
It is one of its kind Business school in India, where each aspect of Management is studied from environmental and social perspective.IIM Shillong currently offers the two-year Post Graduate Programme in Management (PGP) and in the future will offer other courses like the Fellow Program in Management (FPM). In addition, the Institute offers Management Development Programmes (MDPs), Research and Consultancy. In addition institute runs an Accelerated Learning Center (ALC) which conduct short term certificate courses.
The first of its kind golf tournament for B schools in India was organized by IIM, Shillong. The tournament had a unique concept of bringing the corporate leaders and the budding managers together. The budding managers of B schools got an opportunity to compete with the top leaders of India inc. The internships for its maiden batch of PGP students saw 100% placements even under the economic downturn.[37]
IIM Ranchi has launched its PGPM programme and shall be commencing its first session from June-July 2010. IIM Calcutta shall be its mentor in its initial years[38], which will include 60 seats allocated by CAT 2009. The fee structure shall be lower than the existing IIMs: only 3 lakhs per year.
IIM Rohtak has launched its PGPM programme and shall be commencing its first session from June-July 2010. IIM Lucknow shall be its mentor in its initial years[39]. The fee structure shall be lower than the existing IIMs: only 3 lakhs per year.
The 11th five year plan of India proposed 7 new IIMs by the end of 2012. Of these, the government has announced plans to establish 6. These IIMs will come up in the cities/states of Ranchi (To be operational from session 2010-11), Rohtak (To be operational from session 2010-11)[40] , Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Tamil Nadu.[41]
In year 2005 leading alumni of various IIMs founded alumni organizations in various parts of the world. One of the stated objectives of these alumni associations is to form a dynamic community of leaders and thinkers who make a difference across the world[42].
In year 2007 various alumni chapters of IIMs globally decided to form a Global IIM Alumni Society. This society will network existing alumni chapters and provide a common platform to link all. It will also organize global management events, publish books, contribute back to the parent institutions, network alumni via a shared intranet and extranet etc."[43]
The CAT (Common Admission Test) conducted by the IIMs is a very competitive test conducted for admission to around 2000 seats of graduate programs in management at the seven campuses, and is usually considered one of the most competitive exams in the world[44], with a supposed success rate of about one in two hundred[45]. Each institute conducts group discussions and personal interviews to evaluate the students shortlisted after the test.
On 1 May 2009, it was announced that from CAT 2009 would be a Computer Based Test. The contract for conducting computer based CAT was awarded to Prometric - the company that conducts GMAT.
The first ever computer based CAT conducted by Prometric during 28'th nov-7'th dec created a lot news, mostly for the wrong reasons. On the one hand, technical glitches attributed to hardware problems and virus attacks made sure that around 8,000 students were not able to appear in CAT in their allotted slots, on the other hand a lot of controversy around depreciated standards, repeated questions and different difficulty level for different slots ensured that people started demanding to have a paper based retest.
CAT organizing committee didn't agree to this demand and instead allotted extra slots on 8'th dec and later on 30'th and 31'st jan for those who couldn't appear in the tests due to glitches. The CAT 2009 exam had 60 questions in all(20 each from Quantitative Aptitude, Data Interpretation and Verbal Ability) making a total of 60 questions and with 3 marks each making a total of 180 marks. However the result showed marks out of 450.
The controversy didn't end here but followed a long delay in declaration of results, which was deferred many a times and finally announced on 28'th feb, with IIM A and IIM S declaring the list of shortlisted candidates while the result website maintains that lists for other IIMs is awaited. While the website mentions that the scores reported are the scaled scores arrived at by establishing psychometric equivalences to adjust for any variation in difficulty levels across the tests, but it lacks any information as in how it is done. Owing to this and other reasons it is likely to attract a plethora of applications filed under RTI.
IIM has an affirmative action policy on caste-based reserved quotas.As per the provisions in the Indian constitution, the IIMs have been reserving seats for Scheduled Castes of society. The IIMs follow a reservation policy that is notably different from the quota policy elsewhere in India. As per the rules of admission to IIMs, 15% of the admitted students must be of the Scheduled Castes, and 7.5% of seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes. The Other Backward classes have been provided with 27% reservation in effect from 2008 with the consent of the Supreme Court of India which IIMs would implement in a phased manner during three years. As per the rules, all the Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and Other Backward Caste (OBC) candidates must take the Common Admission Test with the rest of the students. Based on the results of CAT but using relaxed admissions criteria, Candidates are called for next round of Group Discussion and Personal Interviews. There is no relaxation on the criteria for passing the exams or graduating a course. The candidates admitted through the reservation policy are also subjected to the same criteria as the general candidates for graduation.
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